SubjectsSoil Science

Soil Science

Study of soil properties, fertility, and management.

13 topics 151 lessons

Foundations of Soil Science

Definitions of soil, pedological and edaphological approaches, soil individuals, phases, mineral and organic soils, functions, quality, health, and degradation.

6 lessons

Soil as a Natural Body and Natural Resource

Free Preview

TOS Alignment

A.1.1: Discuss soil as a natural resource.
A.1.2: Explain the concepts of the edaphologist versus concepts provided by the pedologist on the definition of soils.
B.3.1: Describe the main characteristics of soils near beaches.
B.3.2: Explain why irrigated rice could not be planted in areas near the beaches.
D.1.3: Determine the impact of different slopes in loss of soil fertility in the presence of intense rainfall.
D.1.4: Describe the different control measures in preventing loss of fertility under upland conditions.
E.1.2: Evaluate the major factors which control soil formation.

Pedological and Edaphological Concepts of Soil

Free Preview

TOS Alignment

A.1.2: Explain the concepts of the edaphologist versus concepts provided by the pedologist on the definition of soils.
B.3.1: Describe the main characteristics of soils near beaches.
E.1.1: Identify the advantages of soil survey.

Soil Individuals and Soil Bodies

Free Preview

TOS Alignment

A.1.2: Explain the concepts of the edaphologist versus concepts provided by the pedologist on the definition of soils.
A.2.1: Characterize a typical soil profile demonstrating the significant layers when developed under tropical condition.
B.3.1: Describe the main characteristics of soils near beaches.
D.1.3: Determine the impact of different slopes in loss of soil fertility in the presence of intense rainfall.
E.1.1: Identify the advantages of soil survey.

Major Components and Phases of Soil

Free Preview

TOS Alignment

A.1.1: Discuss soil as a natural resource.
B.3.1: Describe the main characteristics of soils near beaches.
B.3.2: Explain why irrigated rice could not be planted in areas near the beaches.

Mineral Soils and Organic Soils

Free Preview

TOS Alignment

A.1.3: Evaluate the mineral soils and organic soils in the context of their properties, functions, and possible degradation of the environment.
A.2.2: Classify the various soil horizons of mineral soils versus that of organic soils.
B.2.1: Determine the bulk density and particle density of soils.
C.3.1: Demonstrate how soil pH affects the availability of essential elements for plant growth and development.

Soil Quality, Soil Health, and Soil Degradation

Free Preview

TOS Alignment

A.1.1: Discuss soil as a natural resource.
A.1.3: Evaluate the mineral soils and organic soils in the context of their properties, functions, and possible degradation of the environment.
B.1.3: Analyze how the soil structure highly recommended for upland crops like corn and leafy vegetables differs from that of soils recommended for irrigated rice.
B.3.1: Describe the main characteristics of soils near beaches.
B.3.2: Explain why irrigated rice could not be planted in areas near the beaches.
C.3.1: Demonstrate how soil pH affects the availability of essential elements for plant growth and development.
C.4.1: Demonstrate how soil macro-organisms affect crop production and their role in the production of organic fertilizers.
C.4.2: Demonstrate how soil micro-organisms affect crop production and their role in the production of organic fertilizers.
D.1.3: Determine the impact of different slopes in loss of soil fertility in the presence of intense rainfall.
D.1.4: Describe the different control measures in preventing loss of fertility under upland conditions.
D.1.5: Describe the different control measures in preventing loss of fertility under lowland conditions.

Minerals, Rocks, Weathering, and Parent Materials

Minerals, rock groups, weathering processes, parent materials, nutrient-bearing minerals, and the relationship of geological materials to soil development.

9 lessons

Minerals and Their Diagnostic Properties

Premium

TOS Alignment

A.1.3: Evaluate the mineral soils and organic soils in the context of their properties, functions, and possible degradation of the environment.

Primary and Secondary Minerals

Premium

TOS Alignment

A.1.3: Evaluate the mineral soils and organic soils in the context of their properties, functions, and possible degradation of the environment.

Rocks and the Rock Cycle

Premium

TOS Alignment

A.1.3: Evaluate the mineral soils and organic soils in the context of their properties, functions, and possible degradation of the environment.
E.1.2: Evaluate the major factors which control soil formation.

Igneous Rocks and Their Agricultural Significance

Premium

TOS Alignment

A.1.3: Evaluate the mineral soils and organic soils in the context of their properties, functions, and possible degradation of the environment.
E.1.2: Evaluate the major factors which control soil formation.

Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks

Premium

TOS Alignment

A.1.3: Evaluate the mineral soils and organic soils in the context of their properties, functions, and possible degradation of the environment.
E.1.2: Evaluate the major factors which control soil formation.

Physical Weathering

Premium

TOS Alignment

A.1.1: Discuss soil as a natural resource.
E.1.2: Evaluate the major factors which control soil formation.

Chemical Weathering

Premium

TOS Alignment

A.1.1: Discuss soil as a natural resource.
A.1.3: Evaluate the mineral soils and organic soils in the context of their properties, functions, and possible degradation of the environment.
E.1.2: Evaluate the major factors which control soil formation.

Biological Weathering

Premium

TOS Alignment

A.1.3: Evaluate the mineral soils and organic soils in the context of their properties, functions, and possible degradation of the environment.
E.1.2: Evaluate the major factors which control soil formation.

Soil Parent Materials

Premium

TOS Alignment

A.1.3: Evaluate the mineral soils and organic soils in the context of their properties, functions, and possible degradation of the environment.
E.1.2: Evaluate the major factors which control soil formation.

Soil Formation, Pedogenic Processes, and Profiles

Soil-forming factors, soil sequences, additions, losses, transformations, translocations, specific pedogenic processes, tropical profiles, master horizons, and horizon notation.

9 lessons

Climate as a Soil-Forming Factor

Premium

TOS Alignment

A.2.1: Characterize a typical soil profile demonstrating the significant layers when developed under tropical condition.
E.1.2: Evaluate the major factors which control soil formation.

Relief, Topography, and Drainage

Premium

TOS Alignment

A.2.1: Characterize a typical soil profile demonstrating the significant layers when developed under tropical condition.
E.1.2: Evaluate the major factors which control soil formation.

Time and Soil Development

Premium

TOS Alignment

A.2.1: Characterize a typical soil profile demonstrating the significant layers when developed under tropical condition.
E.1.2: Evaluate the major factors which control soil formation.

Fundamental Pedogenic Processes

Premium

TOS Alignment

A.2.1: Characterize a typical soil profile demonstrating the significant layers when developed under tropical condition.

Specific Soil-Forming Processes

Premium

TOS Alignment

A.2.1: Characterize a typical soil profile demonstrating the significant layers when developed under tropical condition.

Soil Profile, Solum, and Regolith

Premium

TOS Alignment

A.2.1: Characterize a typical soil profile demonstrating the significant layers when developed under tropical condition.
A.2.2: Classify the various soil horizons of mineral soils versus that of organic soils.

Master Horizons and Horizon Designation

Premium

TOS Alignment

A.2.1: Characterize a typical soil profile demonstrating the significant layers when developed under tropical condition.
A.2.2: Classify the various soil horizons of mineral soils versus that of organic soils.

Soil Texture, Structure, Density, Porosity, and Morphology

Particle size, textural classes, field and laboratory texture determination, structure, aggregation, puddling, density, porosity, consistence, compaction, color, and drainage indicators.

15 lessons

Soil Particle-Size Fractions

Premium

TOS Alignment

B.1.2: Analyze how the soil texture highly recommended for upland crops like corn and leafy vegetables differ from those of soils recommended for irrigated rice.
B.3.1: Describe the main characteristics of soils near beaches.

Soil Textural Classes and the Textural Triangle

Premium

TOS Alignment

B.1.1: Compare soil texture from soil structure.
B.1.2: Analyze how the soil texture highly recommended for upland crops like corn and leafy vegetables differ from those of soils recommended for irrigated rice.

Soil Texture and Crop Suitability

Premium

TOS Alignment

B.1.2: Analyze how the soil texture highly recommended for upland crops like corn and leafy vegetables differ from those of soils recommended for irrigated rice.
B.3.1: Describe the main characteristics of soils near beaches.
B.3.2: Explain why irrigated rice could not be planted in areas near the beaches.

Soil Structure and Structural Units

Premium

TOS Alignment

B.1.1: Compare soil texture from soil structure.
B.1.3: Analyze how the soil structure highly recommended for upland crops like corn and leafy vegetables differs from that of soils recommended for irrigated rice.

Soil Aggregation and Aggregate Stability

Premium

TOS Alignment

B.1.1: Compare soil texture from soil structure.
B.1.3: Analyze how the soil structure highly recommended for upland crops like corn and leafy vegetables differs from that of soils recommended for irrigated rice.

Soil Structure Management and Puddling

Premium

TOS Alignment

B.1.3: Analyze how the soil structure highly recommended for upland crops like corn and leafy vegetables differs from that of soils recommended for irrigated rice.

Particle Density

Premium

TOS Alignment

B.2.1: Determine the bulk density and particle density of soils.

Bulk Density

Premium

TOS Alignment

B.2.1: Determine the bulk density and particle density of soils.

Soil Color and the Munsell System

Premium

TOS Alignment

A.2.1: Characterize a typical soil profile demonstrating the significant layers when developed under tropical condition.
B.1.1: Compare soil texture from soil structure.

Soil Water, Aeration, Temperature, and Submerged Soils

Water cycle, water retention, potentials, moisture constants, water movement, measurement, aeration, soil temperature, submerged soil chemistry, lowland conditions, and coastal limitations.

12 lessons

Soil Water and the Hydrologic Cycle

Premium

TOS Alignment

B.3.1: Describe the main characteristics of soils near beaches.
B.3.2: Explain why irrigated rice could not be planted in areas near the beaches.

Forces Holding Water in Soil

Premium

TOS Alignment

B.1.2: Analyze how the soil texture highly recommended for upland crops like corn and leafy vegetables differ from those of soils recommended for irrigated rice.
B.1.3: Analyze how the soil structure highly recommended for upland crops like corn and leafy vegetables differs from that of soils recommended for irrigated rice.
B.3.1: Describe the main characteristics of soils near beaches.
B.3.2: Explain why irrigated rice could not be planted in areas near the beaches.

Soil-Water Potential

Premium

TOS Alignment

B.3.1: Describe the main characteristics of soils near beaches.
B.3.2: Explain why irrigated rice could not be planted in areas near the beaches.

Soil-Water Retention Curves

Premium

TOS Alignment

B.1.1: Compare soil texture from soil structure.
B.1.3: Analyze how the soil structure highly recommended for upland crops like corn and leafy vegetables differs from that of soils recommended for irrigated rice.
B.3.2: Explain why irrigated rice could not be planted in areas near the beaches.

Saturated and Unsaturated Water Flow

Premium

TOS Alignment

B.1.3: Analyze how the soil structure highly recommended for upland crops like corn and leafy vegetables differs from that of soils recommended for irrigated rice.
B.3.1: Describe the main characteristics of soils near beaches.

Soil Aeration and Gas Exchange

Premium

TOS Alignment

B.3.1: Describe the main characteristics of soils near beaches.
C.4.2: Demonstrate how soil micro-organisms affect crop production and their role in the production of organic fertilizers.

Soil Temperature

Premium

TOS Alignment

B.3.1: Describe the main characteristics of soils near beaches.

Submerged, Lowland, and Coastal Soils

Premium

TOS Alignment

B.3.1: Describe the main characteristics of soils near beaches.
B.3.2: Explain why irrigated rice could not be planted in areas near the beaches.

Soil Colloids, Clay Mineralogy, and Ion Exchange

Soil colloids, silicate clay structures, non-crystalline minerals, oxides, humus, charge development, adsorption, ion exchange, CEC, base saturation, and ESP.

12 lessons

Humus as an Organic Colloid

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.3.1: Demonstrate how soil pH affects the availability of essential elements for plant growth and development.
C.4.2: Demonstrate how soil micro-organisms affect crop production and their role in the production of organic fertilizers.

Permanent and Variable Charge

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.3.1: Demonstrate how soil pH affects the availability of essential elements for plant growth and development.

Ion Adsorption and Exchange

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.3.1: Demonstrate how soil pH affects the availability of essential elements for plant growth and development.

Cation Selectivity and Exchange Reactions

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.3.2: Evaluate the important factors to consider in the choice of liming materials to be applied.
D.1.4: Describe the different control measures in preventing loss of fertility under upland conditions.

Cation Exchange Capacity

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.1.1: Assess the essentiality of fertilizers with macro elements for crop production in relation to the growth of an agricultural country.
C.1.2: Assess the essentiality of fertilizers with micro elements for crop production.

Soil pH, Acidity, Liming, Salinity, and Sodicity

Soil reaction, nutrient availability, acidity pools, buffering, liming materials, lime requirement, acid soil amendments, calcareous soils, salinity, sodicity, and reclamation.

13 lessons

Soil pH and the pH Scale

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.3.1: Demonstrate how soil pH affects the availability of essential elements for plant growth and development.

Sources and Development of Soil Acidity

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.3.1: Demonstrate how soil pH affects the availability of essential elements for plant growth and development.
D.1.3: Determine the impact of different slopes in loss of soil fertility in the presence of intense rainfall.

Pools of Soil Acidity

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.3.1: Demonstrate how soil pH affects the availability of essential elements for plant growth and development.
C.3.2: Evaluate the important factors to consider in the choice of liming materials to be applied.

Soil Buffering Capacity

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.3.1: Demonstrate how soil pH affects the availability of essential elements for plant growth and development.

Liming Materials

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.3.2: Evaluate the important factors to consider in the choice of liming materials to be applied.

Effects and Risks of Liming

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.3.1: Demonstrate how soil pH affects the availability of essential elements for plant growth and development.
C.3.2: Evaluate the important factors to consider in the choice of liming materials to be applied.

Reclamation of Salt-Affected Soils

Premium

TOS Alignment

B.3.1: Describe the main characteristics of soils near beaches.
B.3.2: Explain why irrigated rice could not be planted in areas near the beaches.

Soil Organisms, Organic Matter, and Composting

Soil food webs, macroorganisms, microorganisms, rhizosphere biology, mycorrhizae, organic matter pools, decomposition, C:N ratio, nutrient transformations, composting, and organic fertilizer quality

11 lessons

Soil Bacteria and Archaea

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.4.2: Demonstrate how soil micro-organisms affect crop production and their role in the production of organic fertilizers.

Soil Organic Matter Fractions and Pools

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.4.1: Demonstrate how soil macro-organisms affect crop production and their role in the production of organic fertilizers.
C.4.2: Demonstrate how soil micro-organisms affect crop production and their role in the production of organic fertilizers.
D.1.3: Determine the impact of different slopes in loss of soil fertility in the presence of intense rainfall.
D.1.4: Describe the different control measures in preventing loss of fertility under upland conditions.

Effects of Organic Matter on Soil Properties

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.4.1: Demonstrate how soil macro-organisms affect crop production and their role in the production of organic fertilizers.
C.4.2: Demonstrate how soil micro-organisms affect crop production and their role in the production of organic fertilizers.

Organic Matter Decomposition

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.4.2: Demonstrate how soil micro-organisms affect crop production and their role in the production of organic fertilizers.

Composting and Organic-Fertilizer Quality

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.4.1: Demonstrate how soil macro-organisms affect crop production and their role in the production of organic fertilizers.
C.4.2: Demonstrate how soil micro-organisms affect crop production and their role in the production of organic fertilizers.

Plant Nutrition and Soil Fertility

Fertility versus productivity, essentiality, macro and micronutrients, nutrient functions, mobility, corn deficiency symptoms, nutrient forms, availability, movement to roots, uptake, response laws, soil testing, and plant analysis.

15 lessons

Soil Fertility and Soil Productivity

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.1.2: Assess the essentiality of fertilizers with micro elements for crop production.
D.1.1: Explain how soil fertility differs from soil productivity.

Criteria of Nutrient Essentiality

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.1.1: Assess the essentiality of fertilizers with macro elements for crop production in relation to the growth of an agricultural country.

Classification of Plant Nutrients

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.1.1: Assess the essentiality of fertilizers with macro elements for crop production in relation to the growth of an agricultural country.
C.1.2: Assess the essentiality of fertilizers with micro elements for crop production.

Micronutrient Functions

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.1.2: Assess the essentiality of fertilizers with micro elements for crop production.

Nutrient Forms and Availability in Soil

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.2.2: Demonstrate how each of the elements - nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium failed to enter the plant roots at sufficient levels.
D.1.2: Demonstrate how soil nutrients reach the root surfaces of plants.

Nutrient Movement to Root Surfaces

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.2.2: Demonstrate how each of the elements - nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium failed to enter the plant roots at sufficient levels.
D.1.2: Demonstrate how soil nutrients reach the root surfaces of plants.

Nutrient Uptake by Roots

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.2.2: Demonstrate how each of the elements - nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium failed to enter the plant roots at sufficient levels.
D.1.2: Demonstrate how soil nutrients reach the root surfaces of plants.

Plant Analysis and Integrated Diagnosis

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.2.1: Illustrate the general appearance of corn plants when deficient in nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium.
C.2.2: Demonstrate how each of the elements - nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium failed to enter the plant roots at sufficient levels.
C.3.1: Demonstrate how soil pH affects the availability of essential elements for plant growth and development.

Fertilizers and Nutrient Management

Fertilizer terminology, nutrient carriers, organic and inorganic sources, grades, ratios, blends, conversions, inorganic and organic requirement calculations, placement, timing, and integrated nutrient management.

13 lessons

Nitrogen Fertilizers

Premium

TOS Alignment

D.1.4: Describe the different control measures in preventing loss of fertility under upland conditions.
D.1.5: Describe the different control measures in preventing loss of fertility under lowland conditions.
D.2.1: Calculate how inorganic fertilizer requirements is done.

Secondary and Micronutrient Fertilizers

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.1.2: Assess the essentiality of fertilizers with micro elements for crop production.
D.2.1: Calculate how inorganic fertilizer requirements is done.

Fertilizer Placement Methods

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.2.2: Demonstrate how each of the elements - nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium failed to enter the plant roots at sufficient levels.
D.1.2: Demonstrate how soil nutrients reach the root surfaces of plants.
D.1.3: Determine the impact of different slopes in loss of soil fertility in the presence of intense rainfall.
D.1.4: Describe the different control measures in preventing loss of fertility under upland conditions.
D.1.5: Describe the different control measures in preventing loss of fertility under lowland conditions.

Integrated Nutrient Management and the 4R Principle

Premium

TOS Alignment

C.1.1: Assess the essentiality of fertilizers with macro elements for crop production in relation to the growth of an agricultural country.
C.1.2: Assess the essentiality of fertilizers with micro elements for crop production.

Soil Erosion, Conservation, and Land Management

Erosion mechanics, water and wind erosion, erosivity, erodibility, slope effects, USLE, biological and engineering measures, conservation tillage, upland and lowland fertility protection, and restoration.

11 lessons

Soil Erosion Processes

Premium

TOS Alignment

D.1.3: Determine the impact of different slopes in loss of soil fertility in the presence of intense rainfall.
D.1.4: Describe the different control measures in preventing loss of fertility under upland conditions.
D.1.5: Describe the different control measures in preventing loss of fertility under lowland conditions.

Forms of Water Erosion

Premium

TOS Alignment

D.1.3: Determine the impact of different slopes in loss of soil fertility in the presence of intense rainfall.
D.1.4: Describe the different control measures in preventing loss of fertility under upland conditions.

Erosivity and Erodibility

Premium

TOS Alignment

D.1.3: Determine the impact of different slopes in loss of soil fertility in the presence of intense rainfall.
D.1.4: Describe the different control measures in preventing loss of fertility under upland conditions.

Universal Soil Loss Equation

Premium

TOS Alignment

D.1.3: Determine the impact of different slopes in loss of soil fertility in the presence of intense rainfall.

Restoration of Degraded Soils

Premium

TOS Alignment

D.1.4: Describe the different control measures in preventing loss of fertility under upland conditions.

Soil Survey, Classification, and Land Evaluation

Survey purposes, procedures, mapping units, taxonomic categories, diagnostic horizons, moisture and temperature regimes, the twelve soil orders, family and series, land capability, and land suitability.

12 lessons

The Twelve Soil Orders

Premium

TOS Alignment

E.2.1: Illustrate the significant features of soil taxonomy.
E.2.3: Demonstrate how the names of the ten soil orders were derived.

Soil Family and Soil Series

Premium

TOS Alignment

E.2.1: Illustrate the significant features of soil taxonomy.
E.2.2: Illustrate the basis of naming the six categories of soil classification.

Land Capability Classification

Premium

TOS Alignment

D.1.4: Describe the different control measures in preventing loss of fertility under upland conditions.
D.1.5: Describe the different control measures in preventing loss of fertility under lowland conditions.
E.2.1: Illustrate the significant features of soil taxonomy.

Integrated Philippine Soil Management

Upland, irrigated rice, coastal, beach, volcanic, acid tropical, and degraded soil cases; integrated diagnosis; computation; and management recommendations.

7 lessons

Unlock all lessons

Get full access to every lesson, quiz, and mock exam with the AgLE Reviewer Package.