Crop Science

Principles of crop production, plant breeding, and crop management.

13 topics and 96 published lessons.

Agriculture and Crop Science

Build the conceptual and Philippine context needed before you study crops, plant processes, and production practices.

6 published lessons

  • Defining Agriculture in Various Contexts
  • World and Domestic Food Situation
  • Philippine Population, Food Supply, and Agriculture
  • State and Modernization of Philippine Agriculture
  • Importance of Agriculture to Society and Economy
  • Crop Science as a Field of Study

Classification of Crops

Classification systems, nomenclature, crop groups, edible-part and ornamental-use subgroups, special functional and ecological groups, geographic distribution, names, varieties, and production references.

6 published lessons

  • Purpose and Systems of Crop Classification
  • Botanical Classification and Binomial Nomenclature
  • Classification by Growth Habit, Life Cycle, and Reproduction
  • Classification by Climate, Temperature, and Photoperiod
  • Classification Based on Economic Purpose
  • Special Crop Groups

Nature and Composition of Crop Plants

Cells, organelles, detailed tissues and tissue systems, vascular transport, roots, stems, leaves, flowers, seed structure and storage behavior, and detailed fruit classification.

7 published lessons

  • Plant Cell Structure and Function
  • Cell Wall, Cytoplasm, and Organelles
  • Plant Tissues and Tissue Systems
  • Vascular Tissues: Xylem and Phloem
  • Roots and Stems
  • Leaves and Plant Habit
  • Flowers, Seeds, and Fruits

Plant Life Processes

Explain how crops capture energy, produce and move assimilates, use water, and release energy for growth and yield.

7 published lessons

  • Photosynthesis Basic Concepts and Importance
  • Light-Dependent and Light-Independent Reactions
  • C3, C4, and CAM Photosynthetic Pathways
  • Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
  • Respiration in Crop Plants
  • Transpiration and Water Movement
  • Translocation and Assimilate Partitioning

Growth, Development, Regulation, and Adaptation

Connect crop growth phases, developmental control, plant movements, hormones, and adaptation to management and yield.

6 published lessons

  • Growth, Development, Differentiation, and Organization
  • Phases and Measurements of Plant Growth
  • Concepts Related to Plant Growth
  • Plant Movements
  • Plant Growth Regulators and Phytohormones
  • Crop Adaptation

Factors Affecting Crop Production

Explain why the same crop or variety performs differently across sites, seasons, and management systems.

8 published lessons

  • Genotype, Environment, and G x E Interaction
  • Crop Production as a System
  • Climate, Weather, Macroclimate, and Microclimate
  • Precipitation, Water, and Drought Stress
  • Temperature, Light, Wind, Relative Humidity, and Gases
  • Edaphic Factors and Soil Properties in Crop Production
  • Biotic, Genetic, and Human Factors
  • Philippine Climate Classification for Crop Suitability

Crop Improvement, Seed Selection, and Biotechnology

Genetics, variance and heritability, cross types, breeding methods, heterosis and combining ability, biotechnology, germplasm, variety testing, hybrid seed systems, seed quality, certification, and testing.

8 published lessons

  • Basic Genetics for Crop Improvement
  • Objectives and Steps in Plant Breeding
  • Sources and Creation of Genetic Variation
  • Conventional and Non-Conventional Breeding Methods
  • Biotechnology Tools in Crop Improvement
  • Germplasm Conservation and Intellectual Property
  • Seed Quality, Seed Classes, and Certification
  • Seed Testing and Seed Analysis

Plant Propagation and Nursery Practices

Organize sexual and asexual propagation methods and connect each method to crop, planting material, and nursery purpose.

7 published lessons

  • Sexual Propagation and Seed Germination
  • Seed Dormancy, Quiescence, and Dormancy Breaking
  • Asexual Propagation: Concepts and Purposes
  • Separation and Division Methods
  • Cuttings, Layering, and Marcotting
  • Grafting, Budding, and Inarching
  • Tissue Culture and Specialized Propagation

Sustainable Crop Production and Farming Systems

Sustainability, resource conservation, integrated management, alternative farming, fallow and ley systems, farming types, cropping systems, Sorjan and multistorey patterns, SALT, agroforestry, and integrated systems.

8 published lessons

  • Resource Conservation and Diversification
  • Concepts and Principles of Sustainable Agriculture
  • Integrated Nutrient Management and Integrated Pest Management
  • Organic, Natural, Biological, Biodynamic, and Regenerative Farming
  • Precision Agriculture and Site-Specific Management
  • Farming Systems
  • Cropping Systems and Cropping Patterns
  • SALT, Agroforestry, LEISA, and Integrated Food Systems

Site Selection and Characterization

Guide crop-site matching and enterprise decisions using physical, environmental, biological, and socio-economic evidence.

4 published lessons

  • Principles of Site Selection for Crop Production
  • Physical and Environmental Site Factors
  • Biological and Socio-Economic Site Factors
  • Site Evaluation Procedure and Planting Method Decision

Land Preparation, Planting, and Crop Establishment

Land preparation, tillage, planting materials, seed enhancement, planting methods, population, rice nursery systems, nursery care, and crop establishment.

6 published lessons

  • Land Preparation for Annual and Perennial Crops
  • Tillage Operations and Tillage Patterns
  • Planting Materials and Selection
  • Planting Methods and Planting Depth
  • Seeding Rate and Plant Population Computation
  • Nursery Practices and Seedling Establishment

Crop Management, Harvesting, and Applied Crop Science

Water and fertility management, specialized practices, maturity types and indices, harvest, durable and perishable commodities, postharvest deterioration, packaging, cooling, atmosphere management, enterprise calculations, landscaping, varieties, and production geography.

10 published lessons

  • Water Management in Crop Production
  • Soil Fertility Management for Crop Production
  • Specialized Crop Production Practices
  • Harvesting and Maturity Indices
  • Postharvest Handling and Crop Deterioration
  • Packaging, Storage, and Shelf-Life Management
  • Farm Entrepreneurship in Crop Production
  • Tropical Landscaping
  • Recommended Crop Varieties and Major Production Areas
  • Recommended Varieties and Variety Selection

Supplemental High-Yield Foundations and Reference Drills

Close coverage gaps, deepen frequently tested foundations, and separate time-sensitive reference topics from stable core lessons

8 published lessons

  • Plant Nutrition: Essential and Beneficial Elements
  • Nutrient Mobility, Deficiency, Toxicity, and Diagnosis
  • Endogenous Rhythms, Correlation, and Developmental Coordination
  • Critical Growth Stages of Major Crops
  • Crop Origins, Geographic Distribution, and Centers of Diversity
  • Scientific Names and Crop Family Recognition
  • Recommended Varieties and Variety Selection
  • Production Statistics, Major Producing Areas, and Data Interpretation